La Rocca dei Papi, l’antica fortezza eretta da Innocenzo III alla fine del XII secolo, sorge 633 metri sul livello del mare a difesa del borgo di Montefiscone. Si trova sulla sommità del colle, in una posizione da sempre considerata strategica per la possibilità di dominare una vasta area circostante.
Le varie culture, che si sono alternate nel corso dei secoli sulla vetta del colle, hanno infatti lasciato tracce sufficienti a confermare una frequentazione che, documentata già in epoca eneolitica, si spinge sino ai nostri giorni. Dal XIII secolo in poi tutti i papi, fino a Paolo III, si occuparono in vario modo della Rocca realizzandovi ampliamenti e fortificazioni. In particolare fu radicalmente trasformata dall’intervento di Innocenzo III e Urbano V. Quest’ultimo la scelse come residenza estiva negli anni del suo soggiorno in Italia: dal 1367 al 1370. Durante il periodo della cattività avignonese, la Rocca di Montefiascone costituì il centro degli affari politici dell’intero Patrimonio di San Pietro in Tuscia, termine con cui si indicava l’attuale provincia di Viterbo. Ebbe un ruolo cruciale soprattutto grazie al cardinale Egidio Albornoz. Verso la fine del XV secolo Alessandro IV avviò un programma di adeguamento militare delle rocche papali.
Antonio da Sangallo il Vecchio disegnò un progetto di ristrutturazione della rocca di Montefiascone. L’obiettivo era adattarla alle nuove esigenze belliche sorte con l’uso della polvere da sparo e dei cannoni. Nei primissimi anni del XVI secolo, papa Giulio II ordinò la continuazione dei restauri della Rocca. Leone X successivamente affidò la direzione della fabbrica ad Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane. L’inizio della decadenza del monumento è attribuita a Paolo III Farnese. Questi trasferì i cannoni della Rocca al Forte da lui eretto a Perugia e la sede del Rettore del Patrimonio a Viterbo. Alla fine del Seicento la Rocca venne ceduta in godimento al cardinale Barbarigo, che prelevò da essa materiale per la costruzione del Seminario e utilizzò le strutture sopravvissute come magazzino e stamperia.
All’interno della rocca è ospitato il Museo dell’Architettura di Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane. Qui è possibile ammirare e comprendere l’opera del grande artista rinascimentale.
ORARI
Stagione estiva
Ultimo ingresso 30 minuti prima della chiusura
Stagione invernale
Ultimo ingresso 30 minuti prima della chiusura
TARIFFE
Il biglietto comprende l’ingresso alla Rocca dei Papi, e al Museo dell’Architettura di Antonio da Sangallo il Giovine. Audioguida inclusa
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